| 英文摘要 |
This study is aimed to analyze the status of development of international fisheries, catch quota, and trends of fisheries statistic for management in order to submit our modified strategies of fisheries policy on correspond with the trend.??? The results are useful for fisheries authorities to know well the newest standard and status of international fisheries management in order to make the effective policies and governance duly. The compendiums of results are as follows:
I. The international fisheries management system was focused on Input type management to limit the fishing efforts before 1982. However, the Output type management was the main stream and it focused on control the amount of total catches during 1982-1992. And both methods were carried out equally as responsible fisheries system.
II. The total catches of shell fish have reached the new highest amount about 143,600,000 MT in 2006. The reason for such production increase was because of increasing aquaculture production for both seawater and freshwater. Meanwhile the catch amount of marine (occupied 59% of total catches) showed a cease situation in recent years due to the fisheries resources collapse.
III. The world’s demand structure of fisheries production is developing toward to balance status on Japan/China (East Asia), North America, and European Union such three areas.???
IV. The fisheries production, total consumption, demands for foods, and food consumption per capita of entire world will increase within 30 years.
V. The main contributions of FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department are convening the COFI conference to lead the global fisheries policies and providing the time-series and cross sectional data relating to fisheries for countries.
VI. Summarizing the conclusion made by RFMOs and COFI, the main international tuna fisheries management, and conservation measure are as follows:
1. IUU fisheries strategy。
2. Input management: rules of granted fishing permit of Flag state and lists of legal registered fishing vessels; standardizing the CPUE for longliner, pole and roll, and purse seiner and controlling the status of CPUE (numbers of vessel, scale of ship fleet)????
3. Output management: standardized allocation for the quota of each target fish species; implementation of fishing logbook system and transshipment limit?
4. Fisheries statistic certificate system and trade measure: improving the precision of fisheries statistic and biometry
5. Scientific resource assessment: improving the precision of resource assessment; examining the fluctuation factors of resource (including climate change) and developing the plan for monitoring technique of resource recruitment and recovery
6. Preventing bycatch: realizing the bycatch status of sea birds, sea turtles, and sharks; dveloping the avoiding bycatch technique and IPOA?
7. Vessel monitoring system (VMS)
8. Observer system: increasing the observer cover rate
9. High sea boarding and inspect system
10. Port State measure
11. Strategy of purse seiner’s FADs: developing the evaluating method for the influence on utilizing the FADs to catch largely small bigeye tuna resources and the reducing method of catch
12. Management on reared tuna: collecting the relevant data of reared tuna and evaluating the influence of catching such resource
VII. Overall, the Fisheries Agency has put many efforts on the deep sea fisheries issues according to its relevant data. Basically, the Fisheries Agency is able to know and follow the trend of international fisheries management so that it can draft the corresponding measures in advance. However, about its outcomes it has to see the industry’s cooperation level and extent of policy implementation extent, and the recognition of the relevant RFMO.
Keywords: international fisheries, fisheries management, responsible fisheries, regional fisheries management organization, fishing quota, fisheries statistic, bycatch. |