| 英文摘要 |
In recently years, the rise of fishery in the Mainland China has made her a major country of fishery production and consumption. China is also eager to expand her international market. The export markets have been concentrated, which are countries like Japan, Korea, USA, Europe and Hong Kong. The export to these countries constitutes more than 90 percent of productions in both quantity and gross.? The export markets are similar with Taiwan’s.? Taiwan is rather disadvantaged in both natural/human resources and production cost. With no distinct market division in fishery products, Taiwan is losing its competitiveness.? The aim of this study is to discuss the impact of China’s fishery structure on trades, the export market of fishery products, production structure and competitive and reciprocal relationships with Taiwan fishery industry.?? We discuss the production structure, type, production cost and major fishery products export/ import markets of China and appraise the impact to Taiwan’s fishery industry. An informal discussion meeting is hold to collect industrial and academic opinions and final suggestions for corresponding strategies are made.
Summary of this study are as follows:
(1)?The aspect of China fishery production structure analysis
Since 1989, the yields of fishery products in China is continuous the highest in the world, in year of 2007, aquatic products yield up to five thousand 6 million tonnes, of the world's output of 35.91% (Taiwan about accounted for only 0.96% of the world), of which, culture fisheries accounted for 73.31%. It is noteworthy that, after the year of 1998, the capture fisheries production almost renders zero or negative growth situation.? This situation should relate to China's season fishing policy in 1995.? In the year of 2007, the annual production of capture fishing is 12,731,103 metric tons, aquaculture production 41,172,951 metric tons, both are also the highest in the world, which accounts about 63.16% of world aquaculture production. The annual aquaculture production value is US 44.9 billion, about 47.52% of world aquaculture production value. The major fish aquaculture products are Japanese kelp, oysters, carp, aquatic bivalve, marine Mollusk and tilapia, etc.
(2)?The production cost
In 2007, the production value per Hectare of China fresh water fish culture is 387932.8 NT dollars, and the total cost is about $ 324375.6 NT dollars, the cost profit ratio being 19.59%.? In the cost of entry, the cost of feed account for the highest proportion of (50.9%), followed by the seeding fee 22.58%, labor costs account for about $ 14.06%, land cost about $ 4.97%. The cost-profit ratio of Taiwan aquaculture products per hectare is about 23.25%, higher than China.
(3) The trade and consumption trend of China aquatic products
In 2008, China's top five seafood importer countries namely Russia, Peru, the United States, Japan and Chile.? Russia accounts for 22.69% of import quantity, and 29.51% of imports value. Taiwan is her tops 14th importer. In year of 2008, China imports 79,949 metric tons seafood from Taiwan, which accounts for 2.31% of her import quantity and is about 5183 million US dollars, accounted for the total export value of 1.10%.? In the same year, China's top five seafood export countries namely Japan, the United States, South Korea, Hong Kong and Germany.? Japan accounts for 23.58% of China’s export quantity, or 30.16% of export value, and the United States accounts for 16.14% of her export quantity, or 17.93% of export value.? The Top five seafood export countries accounted for the total export volume of 66.74%, or of the total export value, 69.82%.? The results show market concentration is very high.? About the consumption of seafood products, the per capita seafood consumption of Chinese per year from 1985 is $ 7.08 kilograms, and 14.20 kilograms in 2007 for people live in town.
(4) The import and export for seafood from Taiwan to China
The major seafood products that Taiwan's exports to China (according to the 2008 export values) is squid, which accounts for 70.33% of total seafood export quantity from Taiwan to China, or about 49.60% of the seafood export value.? This was followed by sword, big eye tuna, yellowfin tuna and saury, which also the major seafood products that Taiwan exports to China. The above five seafood products accounts for 90.18% of Taiwan's exports quantity to China, or 81.38% of the export value.? Shrimp is the major seafood products that Taiwan imported from China, totally, 8839 tonnes, or about 16% of the total seafood quantity Taiwan imported from China, or 23.02% of the import value. Seaweed, stir fish and kelp is the major products.
(5) Summary of informal meeting
Two conclusions are made for the informal meeting: firstly, the relationship between Taiwan and China fishery production and the marketing related is getting tie; second, cooperation or not is a problem between Taiwan and China fishery industry. Finally, four suggestions are made: first, Enhance food safety in domestic market, added value for processed products for exports; the second is to maintain the competitiveness of Taiwan's fishery, and keep the balance of aquaculture production and ecosystem; three is the need of market segmentation, traceability and marine ecology label; last, besides the economic and trade areas in the Western District, Taiwan should watch the market outside this area. |