台灣肉豬的產銷(Taiwan Meat Development Foundation Pork Production in Taiwan Industry
- 期別
- 1994-027-1-0001-0013
- 作者
- 邱仕炎(Su-yen Chiu)
- 摘要
- Abstract:For securing manure as fertilizer, saving of meal leftovers and utilizing crop by-products, oy a few pigs had been raised by almost every farm before 1950s in Taiwan, though its production efficiency was low.The first attempt to improve the performance of a pig was started in 1897 by introducing the English breed Berkshire to crossbreed with nativestock.Coequently, the crossbreds became the major market hogs in 1930s.Much effort had also been made to improve the ingredients of the feed and to control rampaging classic swine fever (Hog cholera) in the period from the 1920s to the 1940s. The industry sustained a heavy blow during World War II.The inventory of pigs dropped to a mere 0.57 million heads in 1945 compared tothat of 1.8 million in 1935.The pig industry recovered quickly after the War. The successful development of lapinised hog cholera virus strain for vaccine in 1958 has provided extremely excellent protection for pigs and made it possible for further development. Infusing more "Blood" of western breeds into nativestock, so-called 3-way cross of Native-Berkshire-Yorkshire, has proved to be a more efficient meat producer than Native-Berkshire Fls. However, this was soon replaced by an even more efficient new 3-way cross of Landrace-Large Yorkshire-Duroc Jersey in the 1970s. Besides, strenuous efforts in improving feed formula and ingredients, feeding and management, and hygiene had up-graded Taiwan's pig production to world class rank. of world scale.The impact of the quick increment of per capita income had been felt in pig production since the 1970s. While many small holders quit raising pigs, the scale of operation has continuously been earged. The average farm size of 293 heads in 1992 was 35 times that of 1973. The emergence of large piggeries,many of them equipped with automated feeding and cleaning facilities and computerized management, has largely changed the appearance of the pig industry.The industry marketed 13.5 million hogs in 1991 and yielded 1.1 million to of carcass. On a carcass basis, per capita pork coumption in 1990 averaged 35.8 Kg, the remainder, 218 thousand metric to (cut meat basis) was exported.The pig industry is prosperous in Taiwan today. Nevertheless, there are problems to be coped with. Firstly, the source of over 5 million to of maize for feed (pig and poultry) must be secured every year.Then, many hygienic problems occurring in the high concentration of containment,especially respiratory diseases must be effectively controlled and Aujestzky's disease be eradecated. The proper disposal of excrement must further be strengthened to eliminate environmental pollution.-